RACIAL AND ETHNIC COMMUNITY CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY IMPACT STATEMENT
ASSEMBLY, No. 4527
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
SUMMARY
|
Synopsis: |
Concerns keyless locking mechanisms and burglar’s tools. |
The Office of Legislative Services does not develop or maintain source data concerning the criminal justice system in the State. The Office of Legislative Services makes reasonable efforts to obtain data from Executive Branch Departments and the Judiciary. This statement may reflect information provided by the United States Census Bureau, the Administrative Office of the Courts within the Judiciary, the New Jersey Department of Corrections, the New Jersey Office of the Attorney General, and the Juvenile Justice Commission in the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety. The publicly available data and the data provided by the responding departments and agencies contained within this statement allows for a general overview of the frequencies of events of interest (i.e. arrests, charges, and convictions) for racial and ethnic minorities for the crimes identified herein. This statement does not provide for an in-depth analysis of that data.
Additional data concerning recidivism rates and incarceration rates for the specific crimes addressed within this statement sorted by race and ethnicity is needed in order to make a conclusion on the impacts on racial and ethnic minorities. Additional data concerning the deterrent effects of similar laws of this type is needed to determine the impact on community criminal justice and public safety. It should be noted that the data needed may not currently be collected by the responding departments or agencies or may not exist.[1]
BILL DESCRIPTION
Assembly Bill No. 4527 expands the definition of “burglar’s tool” to include that which may be considered an “engine, machine, tool or implement.”
Under the bill, an engine, machine, tool, implement, or program manufactured or possessed in violation of N.J.S.2C:5-5 includes such which may provide access to a premises through a keyless locking mechanism.
It is a crime of the fourth degree if the person manufactured such instrument or implements or published such plans or instructions for tools which may provide access to a premises through a keyless locking mechanism. If the person merely possesses an instrument in violation of the statute, then it is a disorderly persons offense. A fourth degree crime is punishable by up to 18 months imprisonment, a fine of up to $10,000, or both. A disorderly persons offense is punishable by up to six months imprisonment, a fine of up to $1,000, or both.
Federal
and State Census Information[2]
Federal and State
Inmate Population Data
|
|
Population |
Caucasian |
African
American |
Native
American/Alaska Native |
Asian |
Native
Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander |
Hispanic |
Two or More
Races/Other |
|
Actual
Federal Adult Inmate Population[3] |
156,241 |
56.9% |
38.8% |
2.8% |
1.5% |
N/A |
29.2% |
N/A |
|
Actual
State Adult Inmate Population[4] |
12,978 |
22% |
60.8% |
0.0% |
1% |
N/A |
17% |
N/A |
State Census and State Inmate Population
Data
|
|
Population |
Caucasian |
African American |
Native
American/Alaska Native |
Asian |
Native
Hawaiian/ Other Pacific Islander |
Hispanic |
Two or More
Races/Other |
|
State
Census Estimate |
9,289,000 |
53.5% |
15.3% |
0.7% |
10.3% |
0.1% |
21.5% |
2.4% |
|
Actual
State Adult Inmate Population[5] |
12,978 |
22% |
60.8% |
0.0% |
1% |
N/A |
17% |
N/A |
DATA PROVIDED BY THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
The following data was provided, as a part of the submission, from the Office of the Attorney General:
Arrests by Race – 2022, 2023, Q1 2024
|
Offense Category |
Statute Code |
STATUTE DESCRIPTION |
Am. Indian / Alaska Native |
Asian / Pac. Islander |
Black |
Not Provided/ Unknown |
White (incl. Hispanic origin) |
|
Theft |
2C:5-5 |
BURGLAR'S
TOOLS |
4 |
||||
|
Theft |
2C:5-5A |
BURGLARY TOOLS -
MANUFACTURE/POSSESS TOOLS |
1 |
1 |
|||
|
Theft |
2C:5-5A(1) |
BURGLARY
TOOLS - MANUFACTURE/POSSES KNOWLINGLY |
13 |
579 |
77 |
722 |
|
|
Theft |
2C:5-5A(2) |
BURGLARY TOOLS - MANUF/POSS W/
PURPUSE TO USE |
1 |
7 |
198 |
24 |
283 |
|
Theft |
2C:5-5B |
BURGLAR
TOOL - PUBLISH PLANS/INSTRUCTION |
1 |
7 |
14 |
Note: The data
originates from the arrests of adults (at time of offense) for at least one
indictable offense where the individual was Live Scanned.[6]
Information includes only events with an arrest date in 2022, 2023, or quarter
one of 2024. Only non-expunged charges
are included. This information is accessible publicly by county at www.njoag.gov/justicedata. That dashboard allows users to view
unique defendants, arrest events, and charges by county and outcome.
Specifications
on race categorizations from the Federal Office of Management and Budget did
not include a category of Hispanic ethnicity until recently decided revisions,
which will be implemented by 2029. New Jersey courts began providing space on
the complaint document to capture Hispanic ethnicity in December 2021. However,
the ethnicity field lacks a consistent procedure for collection and may
conflict from one arrest to another for the same defendant.
Convictions by Race – 2022, 2023, Q1
2024
|
Offense Category |
Statute Code |
STATUTE DESCRIPTION |
Guilt Convict |
Am. Indian/ Alaska Native |
Asian / Pac. Islander |
Black |
Not Provided/ Unknown |
White (incl. Hispanic origin) |
|
Theft |
2C:5-5A(1) |
BURGLARY TOOLS - MANUFACTURE/POSS KNOWLINGLY |
Y |
14 |
1 |
11 |
||
|
Theft |
2C:5-5A(2) |
BURGLARY
TOOLS - MANUF/POSS W/ PURPose TO USE |
Y |
3 |
9 |
The following response was provided by the Juvenile Justice Commission:
The Juvenile Justice Commission (JJC) does not maintain or have direct access to detailed data on youth arrests, prosecutions, or adjudications (i.e. convictions). The JJC is not a prosecutorial agency. The JJC does not keep racial and ethnic data segregated by crimes for arrests, prosecutions, or adjudications for the juveniles committed to its care.
The Department of Corrections has made available to the public statistical data concerning the State inmate population categorized by race and ethnicity for 2024, which are reflected in the charts on page 2, and offenders by base offense for 2022, 2023, and 2024 in the following charts:
Offenders by Base Offense for 2022
|
Base
Offense |
Total |
Male
Offenders in Other Facilities |
Youth
Offenders |
Adult Diagnostic
Treatment Center (ADTC) |
Edna Mahan |
Halfway
Houses, County Jails, St.
Francis Hospital |
||||||
|
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
|
TOTAL
OFFENDERS |
12,492 |
100% |
9,442 |
100% |
1,139 |
100% |
410 |
100% |
408 |
100% |
1,093 |
100% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
Offenses |
526 |
4% |
375 |
4% |
57 |
5% |
0 |
0% |
36 |
9% |
58 |
5% |
Offenders by Base Offense for 2023
|
Base
Offense |
Total |
Male
Offenders in Other Facilities |
Youth
Offenders |
Adult
Diagnostic Treatment Center (ADTC) |
Edna Mahan |
Halfway
Houses, County Jails, St.
Francis Hospital |
||||||
|
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
|
TOTAL
OFFENDERS |
13,196 |
100% |
9,133 |
100% |
1,174 |
100% |
402 |
100% |
356 |
100% |
2,131 |
100% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property
Offenses |
525 |
4% |
324 |
4% |
55 |
5% |
0 |
0% |
31 |
9% |
115 |
5% |
Offenders by Base Offense for 2024
|
Base Offense |
Total |
Male Incarcerated Persons |
Edna Mahan |
Residential
Community Release Program (RCRP), County Jails, Central Medical
Unit (CHR) |
Interstate Corrections Compact |
|||||
|
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
# |
% |
|
|
Total Offenders |
12,978 |
100% |
11,176 |
100% |
386 |
100% |
1,140 |
100% |
276 |
100% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property Offenses |
472 |
4% |
382 |
3% |
38 |
10% |
39 |
4% |
13 |
5% |
Note: Property
offenses include burglary, arson, theft, forgery, embezzlement, and
receiving/possessing stolen property.
DATA PROVIDED BY THE JUDICIARY
The following data was provided, as a part of the submission, from the Judiciary:
The Judiciary saw no instance of a probation client being charged with N.J.S.2C:5-5 during the period of January 1, 2022 through June 28, 2024.
|
FAMILY
COURT JUVENILE DATA FOR CHARGES FILED SINCE January 1, 2022 |
|||||||||
|
BURGLARY STATUTE
2C:5-5 |
|||||||||
|
County |
Degree 4 |
Degree DP |
Total
Charged |
||||||
|
Amr
Ind/Alsk |
Black/Afr |
Hispanic |
White |
Black/Afr |
Hispanic |
Not
Stated |
White |
||
|
Atlantic |
0 |
5 |
0 |
1 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
32 |
|
Bergen |
0 |
1 |
0 |
1 |
19 |
0 |
2 |
12 |
35 |
|
Burlington |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
|
Camden |
0 |
2 |
0 |
1 |
16 |
0 |
0 |
12 |
31 |
|
Cape May |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
|
Cumberland |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
|
Essex |
1 |
20 |
2 |
8 |
99 |
2 |
3 |
21 |
156 |
|
Gloucester |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
|
Hudson |
0 |
7 |
0 |
3 |
22 |
1 |
0 |
8 |
41 |
|
Hunterdon |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Mercer |
0 |
6 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
10 |
|
Middlesex |
0 |
4 |
0 |
62 |
11 |
1 |
0 |
8 |
86 |
|
Monmouth |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
|
Morris |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
6 |
|
Ocean |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
|
Passaic |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
3 |
0 |
12 |
22 |
|
Salem |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Somerset |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
9 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
11 |
|
Sussex |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Union |
0 |
3 |
0 |
3 |
22 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
36 |
|
Warren |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
|
Total |
1 |
53 |
2 |
80 |
248 |
7 |
5 |
92 |
488 |
|
COUNTY |
NUMBER CHARGED |
BURGLARY
STATUTE 2C:5-5 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
DEGREE 2 |
DEGREE 3 |
DEGREE 4 |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Asian |
Black/ Africa Am |
Hispanic |
Amer Ind/ Alsk
Nativ |
Nat Haw/ Pacfic
Is |
Unkwn |
White |
Missing |
Asian |
Black/ Africa Am |
Hispanic |
Amer Ind/ Alsk
Nativ |
Nat Haw/ Pacfic
Is |
Unkwn |
White |
Missing |
Asian |
Black/ Africa Am |
Hispanic |
Amer Ind/ Alsk
Nativ |
Nat Haw/ Pacfic
Is |
Unkwn |
White |
Missing |
||
|
A |
B |
H |
I |
P |
U |
W |
|
A |
B |
H |
I |
P |
U |
W |
|
A |
B |
H |
I |
P |
U |
W |
|
||
|
ATL |
9 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
6 |
0 |
|
BER |
35 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
7 |
25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
BUR |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
CAM |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
|
CPM |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
CUM |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
ESX |
23 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
8 |
12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
GLO |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
HNT |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
HUD |
12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
3 |
7 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
MER |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
MID |
26 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
8 |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
5 |
0 |
|
MON |
13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
7 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
4 |
0 |
|
MRS |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
OCN |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
2 |
0 |
|
PAS |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
SLM |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
|
SOM |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
SSX |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
UNN |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
WRN |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
Total (STATE) |
158 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
3 |
50 |
74 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
31 |
0 |
Note: The demographic information for those
persons charged with the offenses listed in the charts above covers the time
period of January 1, 2022 through June 28, 2024. The Data Division of the
Administrative Office of the Courts was able to compile this information for
charges, not convictions, related to the specific offenses requested.
Additional analysis is required for information pertaining to
convictions. Moreover, the Criminal Practice Division noted that in light
of the time frame specified in the request, it is quite likely that there will
be a very large population of these cases pending on pretrial. Accordingly, only examining at actual
convictions may not capture all of the relevant data.
[1] This racial and ethnic community
criminal justice and public safety impact statement has been produced by the
Office of Legislative Services pursuant to section 2 of P.L.2017, c.286
(C.52:11-57.1). Although impact statements are considered a tool for
policymaking, the Office of Legislative Services does not take a policy
position in preparing a racial and ethnic community criminal justice and public
safety impact statement. The role of the Office of Legislative Services
is to gather and present data for legislators to review. This statement
may reflect information provided by the United States Census Bureau, Office of
Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention in the United States Department of
Justice, New Jersey Department of Corrections, and Juvenile Justice Commission
in the New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety.
[2] Publicly available data obtained from the federal
census for national and State populations as of April 1, 2020.
[3] Publicly available data of federally sentenced persons
in custody of the Federal Bureau of Prisons, as of June 1, 2024.
[4] Publicly available data produced by the New Jersey
Department of Corrections concerning the State inmate population on January 1,
2024. It has been reported by the New
Jersey Department of Corrections that the Fiscal Year 2024 average daily
population was 12,490. However, that
number has not been sorted by race or ethnicity.
[5] Publicly available data produced by the New Jersey
Department of Corrections concerning the State inmate population on January 1,
2024. It has been reported by the New
Jersey Department of Corrections that the Fiscal Year 2024 average daily
population was 12,490. However, that
number has not been sorted by race or ethnicity.
[6] The Live Scan process is the automated fingerprint
information system that the State Bureau of Identification utilizes as
centralized storage for criminal arrest fingerprints.